The most common type of particle are the free class of Indeclinable Particles (IPC), which stand alone as words, unattached to other parts of speech. Indeclinable Particles remain a heterogeneous group of words that could and should be subclassified in terms of their specific functions. For instance, independent indeclinable particles can include, but are not limited to, such things as coordinators (1), subordinators (2), negators (3), numbers (4), quantifiers (5), prepositions (6), postpositions (7), and a diverse group of adverbials (8), including those that function to specify time (8a), place (8b), manner (8c), etc., while some particles are multifunctional.

(1)      Coordinator:    mīna                “and, also”

(2)      Subordinator:  kīspin               “if, in case; whether”

(3)      Negator:          namōýa           “no; not”

(4)      Numeral:          nēwo               “four”

(5)      Quantifier:        kahkiýaw         “all, every”

(6)      Preposition:      cīki                   “close, close by, near, nearby, near to”

(7)      Postposition:     ohci                 “from, from there”

(8)     Adverbials:

 a)      Time:                 otākosīhk          “yesterday; the previous evening”

 b)      Place:                waýawītimihk    “outside, outdoors, out of doors, in the open air”

 c)       Manner:            nisihkāc             “slowly, gently, gradually; without trouble”

Because particles are invariant (i.e. do not take inflectional forms) any further grammatical description will be limited to their morphological derivation and their syntactic use.